UK Acts of Parliament. Includes full text of Bills currently before the UK Parliament. With effect from the first printed Acts of 1988, all new
Acts have been published in full text form on the Internet. See also UK Houses of Parliament Database and Lawtel.
UK Art, Design, Achitecture, and Media information Gateway. ADAM. A searchable catalogue of over 1200 Internet resources that have been carefully selected and catalogued by professional librarians for the benefit of the UK Higher Education community. See also Art database.
UK BookWorld. Old, rare, second hand and out-of-print book database. Offered for sale by British booksellers.
See also Alibris and 21 North Main ("T" links).
British Airports Authortity Flight Schedules. Information on flights to and from
London Heathrow, London Gatwick, London Stanstead, Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Edinburgh airports. From OAG. See also SAbre and world airlines.
BLAISE-LINK database host. Official host providing full access to all
US National Library of Medicine MEDLARS databases, in the UK and Ireland,
via the British Library. Also involved in processing UK/Irish contributions
to the MEDLINE database. E-mail: BLINK-helpdesk@bl.uk. See also British
Library Health Care Information Service.
BLDS Bibliographic
database. New web searchable version of the library catalogue and journal
articles database of the British Library for Development Studies at the
Institute of Development Studies, IDS,UK.
British Library Document
Supply Centre, BLDSC. Some other major document delivery services listed
in Info Connect are Adonis, Faxon, Doc Deliver, UMI, CIS, Swets, CAS DDS, Haworth, OCLC FirstSearch, Infotrieve, EMDOCS, The Genuine
Article, CISTI, EBSCOdoc, Information Express and Uncover
Inside Web. British Library's web database, current awareness service and document delivery.
Upcoming TOC search, e-mail delivery of results
(acii, html,pdf), new single search interface, multi language help files and real time budget and cost
control.
British Library Research and
Innovation Centre. Promotes, supports, manages and disseminates high
quality research, development and innovation in LIS and related library
IT fields. Now run by the UK Library and Information Commission.
British Newspaper Index. See Primary Source Media. See also UK newspapers.
British Mobile Phone Number Directory. Covering all cellular phone numbers on the Vodafone, One2One, BT Cellnet and
Orange mobile phone networks. Free registration. Also allows you to send e-mails. See also British Telecome phone directory.
British Official Publications Collaborative Reader Information Service, BOPCRIS. See UK Research Support Libraries Programme.
UK Central Laboratory of the Research Councils, CCLRC Library. Responsible for one of Europe's largest multidisplinary scientific research organisations. Has service points at Daresbury Laboratory (Chadwick Library) and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Library.
UK Chemical Database Service, CDS. UK's National database service on chemical information. Daresbury Laboratory. See also Royal Society of Chemistry library.
UK Companies House database. CRO. Limited companies registration information. Agency of the UK Department of Trade and Industry.
See also ICC and business information resources.
UK Court Alerting Service Information on daily courtroom list, running list and warned list for UK Crown Court circuits, including the Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court). See also UK Inns of Court law libraries.
UK Data Archive A national resource centre with largest collection of computer data in the social sciences and humanities in the UK.
UK Embassies and High Commissions. UK overseas diplomatic missions, including consulates. Addresses, telepnone & fax numbers, e-mails and websites. From the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office.
Embassies and High Commissions. Diplomatic missions in London and elsewhere. Electronic version of The London Diplomatic List. See also UK tourist offices and world embassies.
UK general databases. A list of free web databases covering legislation, arts, entertainment, travel etc.
UK Government Information Directory. Open.Gov.uk. Includes links to all UK government and local government departments, ministries, research centres and agencies, as well as government information centres and libraries. Search engine included. CCTA Government Information Service. See also World Government Information Directories.
UK Government Information. UKonline.gov.uk. Provides the latest news about the UK Government. Not be confused with the Internet Service Provider, UK Online.
UK House of Commons Research Library. Access to the text of Research Papers which are compiled for the benefit of British Members of Parliament by the staff of the UK House of Commons Library.
UK Houses of Parliament Database. Access to Bills, House of Commons and House of Lords Hansard, Select Committee Reports and other important parliamentary documents. See also UK Acts of Parliament.
UK Inns of Court law libraries. Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. Leading non-academic library OPAC for barristers and solicitors in the UK. See also UK Court Alerting Service, UK Legal directories & databases, and World Legal Libraries.
UK Institute of Public Finance. Statistical Information Service, Datanet. Provides impartial data and information on UK local government operations. The IPF is the commercial arm of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. See also London Research Centre.
UK Legal databases. UK Law Search. Collection of six major UK legal databases. See also law journals, European legal databases and world legal databases.
UK Legal Information Centre. Numerous legal information resources available here. See also Lawtel, Lexis-Nexis, Context, Sweet& Maxwell and Butterworths.
UK Legal directories & databases. Includes Bar directory, Waterlows, Proflist(The Lawyer's Diary), Kimes International Law Directory, The Legal 500 etc.
UK Legal directories & databases 2. Legal Information on the Internet. Long list of legal resources, databases and journals for the UK and abroad. See also UK Social Science Information Gateway.
UK libraries. Public libraries. Also includes UK library projects and other important resources.
Compiled by Sheila and Robert Harden. See also UK public librarians directory.
UK libraries. Public library actuals statistics. Data compiled by the
UK Institute of Public Finance, Statistical Information Service Datanet.
UK libraries. Public Libraries. EARL. See also World libraries.
UK libraries. Academic and research libraries. See also world university libraries.
UK libraries . Academic and research libraries. Including Irish academic and research libraries.
UK Libraries Plus . Co-operative venture between higher education libraries. It enables part-time, distance, and
placement students to borrow material from other libraries.
UK Library and Information Commission. Non-departmental public body which advices the British Government on a wide range of policy issues relating to libraries and information services.
UK Library and Information Science Schools. See World LIS Schools.
UK Library History Database.
Contains information on over 27,000 libraries and histopry up to 1850, in the British
Isles, and is based on over 1,200 published works.
Manchester Information and Associated Services, MIMAS. Formerly MIDAS.
A JISC-supported national data centre providing the UK higher
education, further education and research community with networked access to key
data and information resources to support teaching, learning and research across a
wide range of disciplines.
UK MARC. Includes very useful information on the 1996 4th edition UK MARC Manual. See also US MARC.
UK Map database. Coloured maps includes A to Z London street map and UK postcodes.
UK Map database 2. A to Z London street map and UK postcodes and telephone codes.
UK Medical Schools Library Group. Representative group for the librarians of undergraduate and postgraduate medical schools in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. See also Health Libraries Group, of the UK Library Association and European Association for Health Information and Libraries, EAHIL.
UK Mobile Phone Directory. Covering all cellular phone numbers on the Vodafone, One2One, BT Cellnet, Virgin Phone, and
Orange mobile phone networks. Free registration. Also allows you to send e-mails.
UK NHS National Research Register. NRR. This UK Department of Health database is a register of ongoing and recently completed research
projects funded by, or of interest to, the United Kingdom's National Health Service. The current release contains information on over 42,000 research projects, as well as entries from the UK Medical Research Council's Clinical Trials Register, and details on reviews in progress collected by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.
UK NHS Viewdata Information Services. Demos: 7-1-E 1200bps Modem: 0131 536 3333. Login as "DEMO." Try using a viewdata/videotex emulation software rather than a modem communication software.
UK National Marine Biological Library, NMBL. It contains one of the world's major collections of literature on aquatic sciences and fisheries, and acts as a marine biological sciences resource for the UK.
UK National Preservation Office.
Provides an independent focus for ensuring the preservation and continued accessibility of library and archive material held in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Incluudes annotated links to other preservaiton sites relevant
to libraries and archives.
UK National Register of Archives database. Telnet. Consists of more than 41,000 unpublished lists of major manuscript collections,
approximately 150,000 lists of miscellaneous and minor collections, and about 5,000 published finding aids and repositories' annual reports. Login as "public"
UK Newspapers. Over 200 UK newspapers on the web. Full text of all major UK newspapers are available on CD-ROM from Gale Group and Newsbank, and available online from DIALOG / DataStar, and Lexis-Nexis databases.
See also world newspapers.
UK Newspapers. Daily Newspapers Search Services. A newspaper portal in the
UK featuring a large variety of news and press articles.
UK Office for National Statistics. Databank Service. DataBank provides access to more than 40,000 time series, primarily macro-economic data, which are drawn from a variety of sources including other government departments and the Bank of England.
UK Office for National Statistics. StatBase? StatBase?is an on-line database, which holds a large selection of Government statistics. It also provides detailed descriptions of all the UK Government Statistical Service's data sources, derived analyses, all its statistical products and services, and all the relevant contact points.
UK Online Information 2005. Exhibition and conference for librarians and iformation professionals. See also Infobase 2005 (Germany); Online World 2005 (U.S.); Internet Librarian International Conference (U.K.); InfoToday 2005 (U.S.); IDT 2005 (France) and National Online Meeting 2005 (US & Canada).
UK public librarians directory. A database of contact information for UK public library staff. It is
particularly targeted at those staff who have an email address.
UK public library periodicals. Magnet. Find magazines, journals and newspapers in public libraries throughout the UK. Need to know which public libraries stock the magazine What Video?
Then look here!
UK Public Records Office.PRO. The national archives of Britain. All declassfied top secret documents are opened for public inspection at the PRO after 30 years. For the national archives of other countries see "N" links. See also UK National Register of Archives.
UK Research Support Libraries Programme. Includes access to the BOPCRIS (British Official Publications Collaborative Reader Information Service) web database, which provides data on all major British official publications (1835-1983). See also British Official Publications Current Awareness Service, BOPCAS.
UK Social Science Information Gateway. SOSIG. Economics, education, geography, law sociology, politcs, and philosophy internet resources. See also social science resources.
UK Statutory Instruments. With effect from the first printed Statutory Instrument of 1987, all new
Statutory Instruments have been published in full text form on the Internet. Website includes Scottish Statutory Instuments and Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland. See also UK Acts of Parliamnet and UK legal information centre.
UK schools. Database of all the independent or fee-paying schools in the British Isles (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland), and the Republic of Ireland. From ISBI. See also World schools.
UK Telephone Numbers Directory. Directory of all 0800 free phone numbers in the UK. Equivalent to the US Toll Free 800/888 telephone numbers database.
UK Yellow Pages. From British Telecom. See also British Telecom phone directory, UK business Directory. For US equivalents see American Business Information, Big Book, Big Yellow, Info Space, Internet Yellow Pages, Search America, Biz-Info-Search, Switch Board, and US Yellow Pages. For European and global coverage see Europages, and WorldPages and World Yellow Pages.
UnCover. Telnet. Free access to over 18,000 magazines, journals and other textual documents. User restrictions may apply for subscription services. From CARL. See also University Microfilms International UMI.
UN databases. Official collections. See also Bank World Development Indicators Database.
UN demographic and economics databases. InfoNation. View and compare the most up to date statistical data for the member states of the UN. See also World Fact Book 2004.
UN Documentation Centre texts. Complete list of United Nations resolutions and the texts. UN resolutions can be difficult to locate in all but the few libraries that are depositories of U.N. Documents. Four U.N. organizations issue resolutions. They are the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, and Trusteeship Council.
UNESCO Digitisation Project. Memory of the World Programme
for digitisation of old and rare books, documents and manuscripts and
the preservation of the valuable archive holdings and library collections all over the world and ensuring their
wide dissemination.
University Microfilms International, UMI. Document delivery service/database host(ProQuest Direct). One of the foremost providers of information on CD-ROM, online, paper, microfilm, and microfiche. Now part of Bell & Howell Information and Learning. See also Swets.
US Academic Library Newsletters, ALiNUS. The ALiNUS database is an Internet gateway to more than 400 online academic
library newsletters published by US institutions of higher education. See also US library directories.
US Agriculture Network Information Centre. Includes access to AgDB (Agriculture-Related Information Systems, Databases, and Datasets, and other resources such as AGRICOLA Subject Category Codes. See also US National Agriculture Library.
American Business Information. Info USA. Includes access to business information resources such as American Yellow pages. See also US Yellow Pages and WorldPages.
American Society Health System Pharmacists ASHP. Access to the latest published information on drug development, and online databases. Produces International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Drug Information Full Text, and MedAxon.
American Type Culture Collection ATCC databases. Includes bacteriology, bacteriohages, virology, plant tissue cultures, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, algae, as well as clones, microbial culture media, hosts, vectors and oligonucleotides. Each search result includes the ATCC number. See also World Data Center for Micro-organisms, Microbial Strain Data Network, microbiology databases, Yeast genome databases and viruses databases.
US archives. Franklin County
Publications Archive Index. A new website of vintage newspaper articles. The archive currently contains nearly 7,000 articles, dated
between 1870 and 1872, from the Greenfield Courier & Gazette, (today's The Recorder). The articles are indexed by topic, and are searchable by
keyword. Currently the db has over 22,6000 articles. Coming soon: better search and photos.See also US National Archives and Records Administration, and U.S. newspapers.
US Book Exchange.
A nonprofit organization which supplies back issues of scholarly periodicals, trade journals, popular magazines and other serials to libraries worldwide. Over 17,000 titles and 5 million back issues available.
US Centre for Defense Information. CDI is an independent, non-profit, research organization monitoring military affairs throughout the world.
US Centres for Disease Control WONDER databases. General-purpose public health information and communications system developed by CDC. It provides query access to about 40 text-based and numeric databases. Also provides free-text search facilities and document retrieval for several important text datasets, including the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) from 1982 to the present, and CDC Prevention Guidelines.
CIA Electronic Document Release Center. The CIA has established this electronic reading room to provide the public with an overview of access to CIA declassified information, including electronic access to previously released classified documents, using the Freedom of Information Act.
US Clocks. Local time now in the 4 US times zones: Eastern Standard Time, Central Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, and Pacific Standard Time zones plus GMT (UTC). See also world clocks.
US Code Database. The
Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of
the general and permanent laws of the United States.
US DefenseLink. Official US military information service. See also American Forces Information Service.
US Demographic database. See also US National Census Bureau databases, World demographic, and socio-economic databases, and United Nations demographic and economics database, InfoNation.
US EDGAR database. From the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Free access. Boolean and proximity operators available. Equivalent to the UK Companies House database (CRO database).
US EDGAR database access. Real time access to SEC filings, corporate Information, company profiles and filings. Searchable by company name, ticker, or SIC Code. Immediate e-mail notification of SEC filings. From Partes Corporation.
US Educational Resources Information Centre, ERIC. US National Library of Education's federally funded, nationwide
information network designed to provide ready access to education literature. The ERIC database is the world's largest index to journal
articles and documents in education, containing over 800,000 citations.
US Embassies. US overseas diplomatic missions. Addresses, telepnone & fax numbers, e-mails and websites.
Includes US Missions to international organizations such as NATO and the UN. From the US State Department. See also world embassies.
US Energy Information Administration. Data energy production from coal nuclear fusion, petroleum/crude oil and natural gas, as well as alternative fuel.
US FDA FOI Services. Document delivery services. Using the Freedom of Information Act, the FDA FOI collects over 150,000 documents that record the inner workings of the approval and regulation of medical devices, pharmaceuticals, biologics, veterinary products, foods and cosmetics.
US Federal Information Exchange, FIE. Includes access to FEDIX, the largest and most updated database of research and education funding opportunities and the Grants Keyword Thesaurus, used by the federal government in grant dissemination. FIE is merged with Research Administration Management Systems RAMS.
US FedWorld Information Service. Access to numerous information resources and databases such as Davis-Bacon Act wages database, FLITE Supreme Court database,FAA database, US Standard Industrial Classification ( North American Industry Classification System NAICS), Defence Department Solicitations database, US Federal Government Job Announcements database, Worldtec Technology Alerts, AGRICOLA database, FEDRIP, Federal and Industry Standards, Satellite Images database, Service Contract Act database, BIA Law Enforcement Services, and EPA Clean Air Act database
US FedWorld Information Service. Full index of databases and descriptions. Some databases are free to access, others are subscription only databases.
US general databases. A list of free web databases covering legislation, arts, entertainment, travel etc.
US Global Land Information System. Geological, geographical, topographical, climatic, hydrological, weather maps and data etc. Includes CORONA satellite data and photographs, as well as digital line maps. Highly advanced search interface. See also NASA Earth Science Data Search and Order System (EOSDIS) database.
US Government Information. FirstGov.
Official US Government website providing rapid access to extensive US Government
information and services to the public. It was launched in August 2000, and
consolidates the 20-thousand various US Goverment websites into a single website.
US Government Information. Access to several databases available including: Code of Federal Regulations, Core Documents of U.S. Democracy,Current Bibliographies in Medicine (National Institutes of Health),Department of Defense Publications, Federal Register, Green Book, Presidential Speeches e.g State of the Union Speeches, and Biographies, US and World Government Documents and U.S. Supreme Court Decisions and database.
US Government Information Locator Service. Select a range of US government departments and agencies and search their huge GILS database records.
GILS is a decentralized collection of agency-based information locators using network technology and international standards
to direct users to relevant and publicly accessible information resources within the US Federal government. See also US GPO database access.
US Government Information Sources. Access to the Executive Branches, Executive Departments, and Independent Agencies of the US Government. See also World Government Information Directories.
US GPO Access databases. Web access. Official site. Over 60 databases including: FY 2002/2003/2004 etc, Budget, Economic Report of the President, Congressional Bills, Congressional Directory, Government Manual, GAO Reports; Comptroller General Decisions, Privacy Act, GILS Records for over 25 Federal Agencies, Public Laws, Code of Federal Regulations; Federal Register and Unified Regulatory Agenda.
US GPO Access databases gateway. Web access via University of California gateway. Samples of databases include Congressional Bills database, Congressional Record Index, Federal Register and Government Information Locator Service (GILS) databases.
US Gulf Coast Environmental Library. Specialized library offering books, journals, microfiche and
databases covering a wide variety of environmental issues affecting Texas, the Gulf Coast region, and the United States.
US Hazardous Chemical Database. Search by keywords search results include the registry numbers: CAS, DOT, RTECS and EPA. See also US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, HazDat database, US NLM ChemID Toxic chemicals database, and US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA multiple database system.
US Information Service, USIS. USIA's overseas information centres. The service is now managed by US embassies.
The British and German equivalents are the British Council, and Goethe Institute libraries respectively.
US Justice Information Center. One of the most extensive sources of information on criminal and juvenile justice in the world, providing services to an international community of policymakers and professionals. See also US National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts Database.
US Law Library of Congress.
See also Global Legal Information Network and World Legal Information Association.
US Laws Online. Includes US Circuit Court data, US Supreme Court cases, State
and Federal Court cases, and miscellanous legal databases.
US Legal Information Centre.
Includes access to federal and state legislation, as well as database of US Supreme Court decisions since 1939,
US legal dictionaries, and other legal archives. See also Find Law and Westlaw.
US libraries.
Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) system. Annual rankings of US public libraries, as a measure of standards in US public libraries.
US libraries.
Hennen's American Public Library Ratings (HAPLR) system. PDF version.
US Military Persicope Database. One-stop shop for open-source defense and military
information of the major world armed forces and descriptions of weapons systems. Databases includes pentagon blue tops, daily defense news capsules and special reports. See also
Military Search Engine.
US National Academy Press. Publishes for National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council. Includes access to the book store.
US NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program. Provides ready access to over 3 million aerospace and related citations. Powerful search capabilities offer access to both the latest and most important historical information about aerospace, aeronautics and related topics.
US National Agricultural Library, NAL. The NAL Bulletin Board System outside the Internet is on the modem phone no: (301) 344 8510, in Maryland, US. See also US Agriculture Network Information Centre, Biological databases, Plant Genome database and Plants National Database.
US NAL database index Complete updated list. Includes several molecular biology based databases.
US National Biological Information Infrastructure, NBII. Information on and access to biological databases, information products, directories, and guides maintained by Federal, State, and local government agencies, and private organizations. See also US Geological Survey Biological Resources Division libraries.
US National Centre for Biotechnology Information, NCBI. Among other things is responsible for building, maintaining, and distributing GenBank, the NIH genetic sequence database that collects all known DNA sequences from scientists worldwide. This website also links to other databases such as dbGSS, and BLAST. See also European Bioinformatics Institute, Biotechnology Information Centre, European Commission Biotechnology Research Projects, Molecular biology database directories, and Biotechnology Information Institute.
US National Criminal Justice Reference Service, NCJRS Abstracts Database. Contains summaries of more than 140,000 criminal justice publications, including Federal, State, and local government reports, books, research reports, journal articles, and unpublished research. See also Justice Information Center.
US National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services, NFAIS. A membership organization made up of more than 60 leading information publishers, producers, and providers. Its purpose is to serve the world's information community through education, research, and publication.
US National Geologic Map Database. Find information about maps and related data for: geology, hazards, earth resources, geophysics, geochemistry, geochronology, paleontology, and
marine geology.
US National Information Services Corporation, NISC. Publishes a full range of bibliographic and full-text databases, CD-ROM, print products, abstract and index services have been used by university libraries and research centers in nearly every country. Website includes free demo access to the newc BiblioLine search service.
US National Information Standards Organisation, NISO An accredited ANSI standards association responsible for the Z39.50 Information Retreival standard protocol. NISO has other developed standards such as 12083 (an SGML Tool), Z39.2 (InformationInterchange Format), Codes for Languages and Countries, and Z39.18 (Scientific and Technical Reports). See also American National Standards Institute, and Z39.50.
US National Library of Medicine, NLM. Bethesda, Maryland. Largest medical library in the world. Valuable latest information on Medlars, Medline, MeSH, Grateful Med and Index Medicus available. See also MEDLINE (free access sites), MEDLARS and Medical Library Association.
US National Security Agency, NSA. Apart from high-tech cryptology and electronic eavesdropping, the NSA is involved in high-tech offensive and defensive aspects of information warfare.
To find out more go to the INFOSEC link in this website. See also Information Warfare.
US National Security Archives. Includes declassified documents, a Nuclear Non-Proliferation database, Freedom of Information Act declassified documents, and other secretive resources.
For more declassified documents, see also Electronic Privacy Information Centre and US Central Intelligence Agency Electronic Document Release Center.
US National Technical Information Service, NTIS. Indispensable resource of scientific, technical, engineering, and business related government sponsored information in the US and worldwide. See also US Science and Technical Information interagency Working Group, and world science and technology information centres.
US Patent and Trademark Office. The largest collection of US patents in the world is provided by IFI/Plenum Data Corporation.
Other patent database resources suggested are: Patents database (from IBM), MicroPatent, Smart Patents, Search Systems, IFI Plenum Data, IMS Global services (pharmaceutical patents), Internet Patent Search, Derwent Information patent databases, Japanese Patent Information Organisation, and Questel-Orbit's detailed patents databases (QPAT). Also check out national patent offices such as the European Patent Office and World Patent Offices Directory.
US Patent and Trademark database. Official government site. One of the most advanced patents database, options include Boolean searches and advanced options using field name and code.
US Pharmacopeia Drugs database. Includes indications, contra-indications, and side effects. See also Drug database, and Pharmaceutical Information Network.
US Presidential libraries. From Herbert Hoover to George Bush. Very impressive. See also White House library, and US National First Ladies' Library.
US school libraries. Links to numerous elementary and high school libraries in the US. See also School Libraries on the Web and World school libraries.
US Special Libraries Association, SLA. An international association of librarians and information professionals who use or produce specialized information. 2nd largest library and information related association in North America. See also Special Librarianship.
Thomas Legislative Information System. US Congress and Library of Congress joint access to updated and archive information on the US Senate and House of Representatives. Includes Text, summaries and status of Bills, Senate and House of Representatives Committee Reports, Roll call votes, Public Laws, Senate and House Committees, and Congressional Record Index. Valuable documentary information on the workings of Congress. See also Congressional Information Service and Congressional Quarterly.
US Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse . Data gathering, data research and data distribution organization providing comprehensive information about the activities of federal enforcement and regulatory agencies, and the communities in which they take plac
